ԫ ( 쿬 )
Ἷ
ӫѡ
1931
ѡ ӫѡ
24
ߴ ӫѡ
5
ԫ ӫѡ
ӡ߬ ., .
ѻ߬
ѵ
߽
ٽ ߽ ѡ Ѽ Ὣڿ-ѡ Ѵ ӫ .
Ѽ Ӭ -ѡ.
սԡѼ 쿬 ߴ Ѻ ӿ.
߬ Ѫ Դѽ Ѽ ѡ Ӭ ߬ү һᵿ
ެ, ӫ 쿬 ѽ Ӭ ի, ԫ ٺὫ Ѯ,
һ ѻ߬ ӡ߬ ӿ (鿬) ڿὫ ߽
ԫ
[
1
]
[
2
]
ѻ߬ ԫ ()
ѻ߬ ԫ ()
[
1948-1951.
]
[
1951-1965.
]
[
ѬӴ 1965. 20 ѬӴ 1966.
]
[
1966-1993.
]
[
1994-2004.
]
Ҫѡ
ӡ߬ ., .ռ
䫽
Ὣڿ, ѡ Ӭ ի
1948
1951
ẫ ѻ߬ ӡ߬ Ѫ߬ ᬫ (Ῥ) ѼԿԡ
쿬 ٽ ѡ Ὣڿ Ӭ ..
߽Ҫѡ Ӭ Һ٬ ӿ߬-իӫ
ѽѡ.
1940- XX Ѭ ԡ ի Լ ӡ߬ ѻտ
߬ Ӵ ߽Ҫѡ ѻ ӵ, տӿ
ѡԿ ӡ߬
ẫ
߬ ի Ѽӿ
һѡ
1951
ūһ ߬ү իү Ѽӿ, Ѽ ѽߴ ߬ү իү
Ѽӿ
߬ ի Ѽӿ
1955
Ѽӿ, ߴ Ѭԫӫ Ѽӿ ӫի
ǡԫѼ (ѽټ), ڿ ӫԫ ѡ߬, ߽
ӿѼѼү Ӽ Կ Ѽ߬ ѡ.
ѮѼ տѻ߬ ߫߬ ߬ 쿬 (Կ) ߽ Ѽӿ
Կ ߽ տѮ߬ ᬫ, ԫӫ ԫ
ӿѬߴ Ѯ, ԫү ԡ Ѻѡ Ѯ
ӿ ǽѬ߿ I.
1954. ߽ ߽ ߴԿԿ ߫ ӿ
, Ѽ ԫӫ իӫ һ ѡ 쿬 ,
ӫ ߫ Ѯ ӿի ǽѬ߿Ѽ I, Ὣ ԫ
߬Կ ߬ , ԫ Ѯ ӿ Ѽ
ӫԴѡ Ѯ Ѯ .
ƫ , 1954., Ӵ ѻ߬ 쿬, ᬫߴ ߫ Ѯ Ѯ
һ, ѡ ǽԿ ᡫ ӫ, ԫ ԫ Ѽ
ѽ տѮ߬ ի.
߬ ӿ ᡫ ᬫ ߬ѡ Ҫ߬
ѡ ԡѮ ѡټ- ..ԫټ.
1955. Ѽӿ ټ Ӵ ߬ ѡ
߬ һ ߬߬ү իү ǬѼ
߬߬ ի ǬѼ
һѡ
1955
1959
߽
Ѯ ի ẫ Ҭ Ѭԫӫ
ǬѼ ӫ ſԿӿ (), ߽ ӫ 髽߬
߬, տӿ ѫ (ū), ߽ ӫ ɿ߬
߬.
ڿ ٬ ڿ ԫѽ Ӭ ߬ Ѽѽ
潫ᬿ ѡѮ ӫ 쿬, ڿ
-ӿ Ѯ Һ 꽿 II
Ҫѡ
߬߬ ., .-ū, ԫ-ӫ
䫽
ᬫ ӿ ӿ ǽѬ߿ I, ѡ Ӭ ի
1955
1959
Ѽ 쿬 ޫ ѽ ѡ Ӭ
ѡ ߡ Ѽ߬ ӫ ի, ԫ ѡ
߬ ի, ӿ ԡ ӫ- տӿ
ſѡ (Ѭ), Ѽ ӿ ߬߬ Ѵ ߿.
ѫԡ һ իӫ Ѽ ӿ ߽Ҫѡ, ӿ
߽ѡ ү ӡ Ѯ ӿ ǽѬ߿ I.
1958. ߽ѡ һѡ ǽԿ
ᡫ ӫ ѡߴ ѯ.
Ѽ Ѯ ԫӪ ߽ 40-Կ ᡫѡ ӿ
߬ ߽ Ӭ ߽ ᬫ ӿ
ӿ ǽѬӿ߬ ӿԫ.
1959. ѡ 쿬 ߫ ѻѡ ߽,
߽ Ӵѡ ٽ ѡ ѻѽѼ
ӫ߬ү իү Ѽӿ
ӫ, ӫ߬ ի Ѽӿ
䫽
ѻѽ ѡ ſ ի Ӭ ѡ
1959
1960
1960., Ѽ "߬" ѡ Ӭ, ӫ߬ ի
Ѽӿ ٽ
ԫ, ԫ߬ ի Ѽӿ
䫽
ѻѽ ѡ ſ ի Ӭ ѡ
1960
1961
1962., ߽ ߬ , ߽ѡ Ѯ ӿ
ǽѬ߿ I, 쿬 ٽ ѡ Կ ߽ ӽ߬ү ѻտ
ӽ߬ ѻտ
䫽
Ѭ տ һѡ ӿ ӫ ǡԫ (ӫ), ԫ ѡ տѮ߬ ի
1962
1965
Ѭ ӫ 쿬 ߫ Ѯ ݡѮ ҼѡѼ
Կ Կ Ἣ.
, ߴ ѿ Ѻ߿ ѡ
Կ ӫԿ ԿӬ Կ ӿ ѡ ...
ԫ Ѻ Ӭ
ѽ
1965
Ҫѡ
ӫٮ ߬ - .ӽ
08
/05
/1965
ӿ
2 ѡ
һ ѽ
"ѽ ѻտ ѬӴ 쿬 ( ѻ߬ ԫ) Ҭ ( տѻ߬ ߿), ѽ, 1965."
1965. ٽ ӿᡫ ѡ ߴ ٮ ӫ ӫԿ
ѻտ ѬӴ 쿬 ѻտ
쿬 Ҭ ѻտ, տѻ߬ ӽ߬
ѡ߬ ߿.
ӿӿ ӫѽټ ӫ ѡ .
ѡ 쿬 Ҽ Ὣԡ Ѻ Ӽ
ᬽѡ
ԯ
1965
1965
ѡ
23
ߴ
12
Ӵ ᡡԿ, ԫԿ ߿ һ ǽԿ
ᡫ Ӵ ѽ ߬߬ ӿտ ѽ Ѻ Ὣ
իٮ .
23 ѬӴ 1965. 諽Ѯ ټ ѽ ի
ӿ ٽ Լѡѡ, ӫ.
쿬 ٽ ᡫѡ Ѽ ѻտ ѬӴ
Ҫѡ
ӽ߬ ѻտ
䫽
Ѭ տ һѡ ӿ ӫ ǡԫ (ӫ), ѡ տѮ߬ ի
1965
ߴ
12
1966
ѡ
20
ߴ
9
ᬽѡ, 쿬 Ӵ
: ߽ ѡ ӿ ѡ
Ҭѡ
ᬫ
1966
ѡ
21
ߴ
9
ԫ
ӽ߬ ѻտ
ԫ Ҭ
ӫ ӽ߬ Ӵ߬ ώ (ѡ)
Ѯ
1966
ѡ
28
ߴ
9
ԫ
ӽ߬ ѻտ
ԫ Ҭ
ӫ ӽ߬ Ӵ߬ ώ (ѡ)
ӫԫѮ
ԫ
ӽ߬ ѻտ
Ҫѡ
ѽ, ٮ ߫
ӫԫѮ
䫽
ԫѽ ߫, ѻտٮ Ѭ
1966
1992
ӿ ӫԫѮ Լѡ ӿѼ ԫ Ӭ ߽
Ἣ, ӫ߫ԡ ᡡ ߽Ҫѡ. ġ ٽ ѡ
Ӭټ Ἷ.
1986. ӫԫѮ 쿬 ߴ ӫ ӫ ߬
ѽ߬ , ߽ ӿ ج Ѵ ѽ߿,
ߴ ١ ѵ. ٽ ѡ ؽ߬ Ӭ ѡ
.ӿ ..ǡѴ ᡡ.
1988. ӫԫѮ 쿬 ѡ Ἷ Կѽ
ƿի ߬, ԫ ӫ߽ ի ӿ ߬ Կ
ӿ ԴѽѮ Ӭ ߬ ҺѴ ӽ.
ġ ᬪ ӿ ߿ ԫ ӫѡ Ӭ ԫӪ
߽ 200-Կ ߡ ӽ߬ ѻտ.
Ѯ, ԫ ѡ߬ .
߿ ӫԫѮ 쿬 ެ ǽԿ Ѯ
һ ӿԿ߬ ߴ Ѯ. ,
ѡ߬ , ѡ ѡ Ӭٮ ի. ١,
ẫ ի ެ, ߽Ҫ ԫ .
17 Ӵ 1989. ߽ Դѽ Ѻ Ҽӽ ެ ǽԿ.
1992. ٮ ӫԫѮ 쿬 ߽ѡ ѻ߬ ӽ߬ Ӵ߬
߿ ѽ ߡ߬ү ѻտ տѻ߬ ߡ߬
߬ ߿, ߽ ӫ ӿ߬ ߬
ūԡٮ ߬ ߽ Ӭ 1971.
ӫԫѮ
䫽
ѡ Ѭӿ
1971
1971
ūԡ ߬ ߽ Ӭ 1971., Ѽ ԫѽ
Ѯ ӿ ſѡ, ӫԫѮ 쿬, ѽѼ ӽ߬
Ӵ߬ ѻտ, ߴ Ѭӿ
ߡ, ԫ-ӫ ߫
ӫԫѮ
䫽
ԫѽ
1992
1993
26 ѬӴ 1993. ѡٮ 濡 ᡫ ӫӡ ӫԫѯ
쿬 ѻ߬ ԫ 1918. ԫ ԫ ߫ᡡ
ӫ߬ ߬ ѻտ
ߡٮ
ѡ
1966
ѡ
8
ߴ
10
Ѽ ѡ
ӿ ǽѬ߿ I
ѡ ἴԿ ѻ ӿ Ѫ߬ ӿ ǽѬ߿ I
Ѵ 쿬 ߡٮ Ѽ ӫ-
ӫ-
ѡ
1966
ѡ
8
ߴ
10
Ѽ ѡ
ӿ ǽѬ߿ I
ѡ
1974
Ѽ ѡ
ӿ ſѡ ѡ ӫ ώ
ٽ ѡ ӫ ի 1974.
ѡ . I ѻѡ
ѡ . II ѻѡ
ѡ . III ѻѡ
ѡ ӻ. Ѫ߬ II ѻѡ
ѡ ӻ. Ѫ߬ III ѻѡ
ѡ .ӡ ߬߬
ѡ . ӿ
Ѽ ѡ
ؽ߬ ߽ Ӭ
Ӵ .ǻԫ ǡѴ ᡡ
Ѽ ѡ
ؽ߬ ߽ Ӭ
ѡ ԫ
ѡ
1987
Ѽ ѡ
ӿ ſѡ, ѡ ѻ߬ ӽ߬ (漿ӡ)
ٽ ѡ 50-ԡ Ѽ.
ӿ ߫ӫ ѡ ᬿ ߽Ἷ, ѡټ ѫѡ
٬ :
" ᬫ ѬӴ ԫ ի"
Ҭѡ
ӫ
ԫ
1994
ѡ
2
ߴ
1
ԫ Ҭ
տѻ߬ ߡ߬ ߬ ߿ ߽ѡ Ѯ ӿ ǽѬ߿ II
߬ ӿ ٽ ߫ѡ ѡѼ ѡ ԫ ڼ.ԫ,
ѻ߬ ߬
ѻ߬
1994
ѡ
6
ߴ
3
ԫ
߬, ѡ߬ ٮ ߫
ԫ Ҭ
ӫ Կ 諽ѡ߬ ѡ ߽߫Ҫѡ տ
ū߽ տӫԫ ӫ ѡ ѻ߬ ԫ Ѻ ӫ
ԫ (ǡ߿), ѻ߬ ӫ߬ ߬.
߽ Կ ѻտ 1918. 1994. ٽ
ѻ߬, ԫ ԫ Ѻ ߴ ѽ, իӫѡ ӫ
ԫ (ǡ߿).
ū߽ ԫ, տӫԫᡡٮ ѻ߬ ӿ Ҭ Ѯ ӿ ү
, ߽ѡ ѡ ѽ, ٽѽ ӫ߬
Ҫѡ
ӫ߬ ߬ ѻտ
ѻ߬
䫽
ѻ߬ ӫ߬ ߬
1994
ѡ
6
ߴ
3
1997
ѡ
17
ߴ
7
ѡ ӿѺ ٬ ӫ߬--Ԭ ѻտ ٽ ӿ
Ѯүڿ ӿի ѡ.
ӫԬ ӿ ߽Ҫѡ ѻտ ѻ߬ ԫ Ҽ
ӿի, ӿ ߬ ߽Ҫѡ ԡ ӿի.
Ѽ ߽Ҫѡ ߽ Ὣ ᪡Ѯ ԫӫ ӫ߬
ҫӫ.
Ӵ ԫӿ, ᴡ, ӫѽѽԿ ٬, Ҽѡ ի
ڿ ٬ ߽ ٽ ѡ ߫
Կ-ѡټ, ѡټ ѡټ ҬἿ.
ߡ ߫ ӫ ӡԫ, ᵿ,
, Ӭ ԫ ٬
߫ ӫѽ Ἣ Ӭ Ѭԫ.
ҽӡ ѽѡ, Ӫ ѻ߬, Ӭ
ի ѡ ߫ տѼ.
ӫӿԿ ƿի߬ ѡ , ߬,
߬ ԫ ѡٮ 9 ѡ ,
ӫѡ һ ѡ ӿѡѡѼ ώԿ߬
ӫի Ѻ Կ ٬ ԫ.
ġ Կ ӫ, ټ ߫ ѡ ѽѡ,
߫ ߽, ѡ Ӭ ԫ ߽.
ԫ Ὣ Ѽ ӫ Ὣ ԡ
߫ Ӽᵿ, ԫ Ἣ ߽Ҫѡ ٬ Ԭ
ѡ ߽Ҫ-߬ ѴѽԿ ᡡ
ѻ߬.
Ѭ 1996. ѻ߬ ԫ ߽ߴ ԴѽѮ Ӭ.
ġ ӫѪ ߬ ߴ ѡ-߬ , ٮ ԫӫ
߿ ԡߴ ӫѼ, ѡ ٽ ӿ߽ߴ ѡ ߿Ҽ
Ѯ, Ѭѡ Ѽ - Ѻ Կ߬ ߽, Լӡ
ѻ Ѯߴ Ѻ ڿԫ ѽѺ Ѽѡ Ѽѡ ԫ
ӫ.
ԫ 1997. ߫ԫ ӫ ߫ѡټ ӫѡ ٽ ѡ .
ū ߽ѡ Ѯ ӿ ǽѬ߿ II ӫ߿ ѻ߬
ᮬ߬ Ӽ߬ , ߽ տѻ߬ ѡѡ߬
ᮬ߬, ߽ѡ ߫ѡ ߽Ҫѡ ԫ-ѡ߬
.߬
ߡ߬ , .߬, ԫ-ѡ߬ ߫
ѻ߬
1997
2005
Ҫ ԫ-ѡ߬ ߫ ѽ ߬ߡ
.߬ ѽ ߫ ӿ߬ ѻտ, ٬ ԫ
ѫԡ ߽߫Ҫ ӫ ӿ߬ ߬ ߿.
Ѻ, ѻ߬ ԫ Ѽߴ ӡߴ "ӫ",
ѡ, ӫ ٬ Ѽѡ
Կ ߽Ҫ, ߫ ѽ߫ạټ ,
ѡѼ ߽Ҫѡ ի Ӫ ѡ .
ӿ ѻ߬ ԫ ߬ Կ ١
߬ Ӭ, ٽ ޡ ӿ Ѯ ӿի ߬
߽ѡ.
ġ ߫ ᬪ Ὣ߬ ӿἿ ӿ߬
ѻտ ү Ѽ.
1998. ٬ ӿ Ѵѽ Կ ꡡѡԿ߬ ѡ:
һ ߬-ừԿ߬ ߫Ӫ.
2000. ѫѡٮ ԫ ٽ ӿѡ Կ Ѯ տѮ߬
߬ ߽ Ӭ ѡ ӿ ߿ѽ.
߽ ѻ߬ ԫ ߫ 髺ѡ
ԡ Ӵ 2004. ߬.
ū߽ ԫ ӫ ٬ Ѻ
ѡ ӻ. Ѫ߬ II ѻѡ
ѡ
2001
Ѽ ѡ
Ѯ ӿ ǽѬ߿ II
ٽ ѡ 70-ԡ Ѽ
諡
2004
ѡ
5
ߴ
11
ԫ իӫѡ
ߡ߬ , .߬
ū ߽ѡ ӫ ӿ߬ ߬ ߿
ҡ , 4 Ӵ 2004. ٬ ӿԿ
ӿԫ ᮡ ի ѻտ ӫ ƿի. ԫ ٽ ѡ ѡ
ѡ ӫ ԫ I.
5 Ӵ ѻ߬ ԫ () Կի ӡ .
6 Ӵ, , ӫ ѽ ѡ ѻ߬ ԫ ٽ ѡ
ԫ-ӫ ߫ ӿ, ԫӫ ӫ ߽Ҫ ԫѽѼ.
ū߽ տ ӫ ӿ߬ ߬ ߿ ߫ һү
Կ Ѭ ߫Ѻ, ѡ Ѯ ӿի ǽѬ߿Ѽ II.
Ѽ ӫ ѽ ѻ߬ ߫ӫѡ ѡ ٽ ѡ ԫ-ѡ߬
߬.
ū߽ ѡڡ ѡ ߯ ӫ ѡ
٬ ѡ Ѽѡ Ὣ ԫ ѽ.
ٮ ѡ ߬ѡ, 7 Ӵ, ѡү ߫ ӫ
ӿ߬ ߬ ߿ ߽߫Ҫѡ ѻ߬ ᮬ߬ Ѯ߬
ѽѿ ߫ӫ ѡ ᬫ.
ѡ Ὣ ԿߴԿ ѡ߽ҪѽѮ. իӫ
ӿ ѽ ᵿ ѻ߬ ӻ ӫ .
ū߽ ߬-ѽ Ѯ տѮ ԫѽ ӫԫѮ
ǽѬ ӿ Կߴ ӿ ӫټ ߽, ԫӫ
߬ ѡ Կ ٬.
ѽү ӫ ӫ ߿, ߽ ӫ ٽ ѡ
.
ߡ ѽ ߽ѡ ӫ ߿ ٬ ٽ
ѡ Ѽ ѡ ԫ ӫ .߬
ᵿ
1.
ѬѼ: 衿 ἴԿ Կ߬ ѻ߿ ӽڿ. .3. ѽ, 1996. .61.
2.
ӫտ ., ƿ . ߬ ѻտ ߬ ߽ Ӭ. .: "ᡫ", 1997. .399.
3.
ӿӿ , ᬫ. ߬ ԫ ()// . 2005. N 2. .4852.
(c) . ҽ