Ἷ ū
ӫѡ 1914
ѡ ӫѡ 7
ߴ ӫѡ 2
ԫ ӫѡ Ӽ߬ ., .ӿ߬
ӫԫѮ
ɫߴ Ѽ ӫԫѴ ǽѬ ū ( ߽ տӿ ).
ٽ Ѽ ټ ѡ.
ٽ ԡ Ҫڿ ӫߴ ӿӿ .
Ҫ Ե . ӿӿ Ҫ
ӿ , Ѽ
ߴ ߬ ߽߬ Ѭ. ߬ .ǽѬ ѽ ӿ,
߽Ҫ ޫ ߫. Ѽ . ެ ߴ Դ .ǽѬ
ӿ, .. ߽ Ѯ իѡ ӿ ެ. ƫ
.ǽѬ, Դ ẫᡡٮ ѽѬ ( ѽ ẫ:
߬ Ҽӡ ի), ߫ ѡ Ѯ. ƫ ѼԿ,
տ ի ԡ ѽ.
ӿӿ ѡ Ѻ ѡ ٮ ի Ѽӿ,
Ѽѡ Ե Ӭ. 13–14 Ҫ ߽Ҫ
Ὣڿ, ߽ — ѽ ի. 16 ӿӿ ,
ԫ ߽ ߫ ԫټ, ߽ҪѽѼ Ӭ
ɫ ԫ[1]
ӫԫѮ ӿӿ ū һ 쿡
-
Ҫѡ
-
ӿ߬ ѻտ
䫽 Ὣڿ
1929
1929. ߫ߡ ӫѡ ߽ѡ ѫѡ ѻ߬ ӿ߬
ӿ, ӿӿ ū ᡫߴ Ὣڿ, ԫ ߽Ҫ Ե
ẽ ӿ߬ ѻտ. Ѽ ٽ , ԫ ԫ-ԫ
ѡ, ԫ ԫ ӿի ӿի
߬ ., .߬, 髺ѡ߬ ѡ߬ Ӭ
䫽 Ὣڿ
1932
իٮ ӫ ӿӿ ѽ ѡ ӫ. ġ , ԫ ٽ Ὣѡ
Ἷ ߿ ѽ, ӿӿ ߽, ѫ ӡ, .ᡡ ӫ߬.
ġ ԫ Ҽ, ޫ ӫ ӻҽ , ߫ ѡ
ի ԫ ѽ ԫ ᡡ 衿. 欫ӫ Ҽӽ һ .ǽѬ
ӿӿ ެ Ѫ. .ǽѬ ӿӿ Ҫѡ ߽
, ӫ һ ߽Ҫ , ެ Ӵ Ѽ
髺ѡ߬ Ӭ.
忺 ᡫ . ԫ, ԫ ԫ ٽ
իѡ, Ӫ. ѽ .´ ߬, .ᡡ ūӫ߬,
. . ӫԫѮ ǽѬ ū ߽ Կ ѡ ӿ ߬ ӿ
ѡѼ . ߬ ٽ ѻ߿ӫ ӫ Ѻ Կ.
23 ԴӴ 1936. ӿӿ ߫ߴ ᬫټ ᬫ ѡ
쿡. . ġ — Ὣڿ, — Ӭ
ի, ӫ
-
ᬫ
1937
ѡ 5
ߴ 9
ԫ Կ, .ҽ, ѫ߬
-
߬ ., .߬, 髺ѡ߬ ѡ߬ Ӭ
ᬫ
1937
21 ѡԴӴ 1937. Ѽ ū ӫ Ľ. 30 ԴӴ Ľ
40 Ѯ, Խ ӫѽ ߽ ԫ ѡ.
ԫ ѡ ᬫ ӿӿ ū ԫ
-
߬ ., .߬
1937
ѡ 30
ߴ 10
ٽ ԫ Ҫѡ "߽Ҫѽ ҽ"
-
././1937
.58–10
ӿ 10
ѻ߬: 2
-
諽ټ,
諽ټ .ӿӿ ٽ ỿӫ . ᬽѡ ""
ѡ һ ѵ . ѡѽ ի Ѻ ӿ. —
ỿ ԫ, ԫү ԫἿ . ԫ ߫߬ҽߴ,
Ӫ — ѽ . ӫ ҡ߿ . ӯ ,
ԫ ԫ ߿ — ԫ Կ . ӿ ..., ߴ ,
. ӯ ӡ ѻ , ԫ .
ᬫѵ ի. ᬽѡ ԫ ѡ,
Ӫ ԫ, Ѻ ѡ. ġ ٽ Ҫ Կ, ӫԫ
Ӫ Ѯ. , ԫ ߴ , ߴ Ѽ. ū߽
Ҫ߫ Ӫ, ߴ Ѫ . ġ ӿٽ
"ӫ ҡ"
,
߬ .ӿӿ ٽ ߬. ƫ , ԫ
ӿ . ټ Ҫ Ѽټ
ѡ .ǽѬ߿Ѽ, աҽ ԫ, ѬԿ
ӡ ٽ ѽ ἡѮ. Ԭ Ԭ ѫᡡ
. ѵ ߬, ӫԫ ٽ ᡫ ߡ ӫի
Ѭ, ԫӫ .ӿӿ .ǽѬ߿Ѽ.
-ԫ Ҫ ᬽѡ .ӿӿ ӫ ӿᬿ
"ӿ ߽ѻ". Ѻ ѡ ӫ ߴ,
ѽ "ԡ". .ӿӿѼ Կߴ ѺѪԿ.
ūԿ ڿ, ߽ ӿѽ ԫ ᬿ ߽ѻ,
, ԫ Ѯ Ҭѡ ᮬ, Ѽ ߡҽ Ѫ
٪ ߴ : " ӿ! Կٮ! ԫ
ڿ. ߴ ԫ ӿ ӫ
ᬽѡ. ԫ Ѽѡ ٮԿ ӡ .
߽Ҫ Ѽ. ѡ
ӫ. ѡ , Ӵ , ԫ ӫ! ӿ
, ߿ Ү , ޡ ӿӿ".
ٽ ߽ .ӿӿ ӫѽ Ѻ ѽ
-
߬
1953
ߴ 3
ū߽ ӫ ᬽѡ .ӿӿ
. Ӽ Կҵ Ӽ ԡѡ Ѽ ٽ ߫ѡ:
— " ӿ" ٽ .
ӿ ٽ ԫ Ἣԫ. ᪿ߬ Ѯ߫ ٽ,
ԫ ԡ ԫ Ἣ, ԫ 2–3 ѽѬ
ӫ , ߡ — . ߡү
. ӫ ԫ ԫ ѽ ٽ ߡ߽ ѽ.
.ӿӿ ӫߴ ߿Ѽ ӫ, ỿ ٽ
߫ ү Ѯ . ѡ 1952. ѫի Ҽ ѡ ٽ
Կ ߫ , ԫ Ѽ ҽ, ѽ,
ᡡѮ ߡ. ѽ 1953. .ӿӿ ߴ . ᬫߴ 16-ԡ
ӿ Դѽ ѻ߿
-
߬, ᡡ߬ Ӭ
ᬫ
1953
߬ ., .
ᬫ
1955
-
Ѯ
1955
ѡ 6
ߴ 11
ԫ Ҭ տѻ߬ ߬ ƫ
-
߬ ., .쿪
Ѯ
, .ɴ, ԫ-ի߬ Ӭ
Ѯ
䫽 ԫѽ
1962
߬ ߴ ӫ߽Ҫ .ӿӿ Ӵ߬ Ӭ, ԫ Ѽѡ
Ҫ "ӿѡ" ӫ߬ Դ ѫ .
߬ үڿ ԫ ӫѽ ѡ
.漫, ԫٮ ٽ ӫѡ Ѯ Ἷ .ӿӿ
ի
, .漫, ԫ-ի߬
Ѯ, ӫԫѮ
䫽 ԫѽ
ԫ ѡ Կ ԫ .
.ӿӿ , Ӽ ߫ᡡٮ ӿի, ߽Ҫ . ġ ӫѽ,
ԫѽ, ٮ ԯެ Ѽѡ. Ҫ Ѻ Ի߬ ٮ .
13–15 ᬫ Ӵѡ . Կ Ѫ
ѽ ߬, ޡ ѡ.
-ԫ 1970- , .ӿӿ ٽ ѡټ ӿի ѡ,
ҡ ūӫ ԫ ӫ ӿ ӫ. ū߽
ѡڡ ԯެ ӿ ᬿ-ԫ ӫ߿
, ԫ ӿԿ . .ӿӿ ߫ߴ
. ߡ ެ 쿡 ߯ . ٬
Կ ߽Ѻ, ӫԫ ԫ Ѽ ẫ Ҭӡ
, ߴ ѡ ԯެ.
ӫ ӿ Ӭ. Ѽ ӫ " Ѽ
ӿ ѡ " Կѽ 쿬. Ѻ Ѭԫӫ Ѽ
ߴ .ӿӿ. ġ ٽ ߫ѡ ᬫѡ, ѽ Ἷ
ߵѻ Ѽ. Ĭߴ ٽ ٮ ٺ.
, ԫ ѺԿ .ӿӿ ӫ. 黫 ,
ԫ , ԯެ ٽ , ԫ ٽ ߫
ڿԫ... ԫ ߽, ӫԴ ԯެ ߬.
ԡ ԫ, ԫ Ѭ ᡫ ٽ ӫѡ ѡ
ӫ ӫ . ٮ ѡ,
Ӵ ԫ, ԫ , ѻ ߪ ٮ Ѽ,
ѽ ѽ Ѻ . ߴ ῡ , Ҫ Ὣ
ӫ. ߿Ѯ ѫսѡ, ߬ ԫѡ Ӵѡ
߽Ҫ . үڿ, .ӿӿ ެ 쿡 ߫ӡ
ӿ ѡ ӫ ԯެ
߬ ., .ӿ߬
ӫԫѮ
߬ .ӿӿ ٽ ѡ ߡ ӿ߬, Ѽ , ԫ
- . 欫 ԫ ٽ ᡫ ԡѡѼ Ѽ
һѡ ѽ ѽ
߬ ., .-, ѡ߬
ӫԫѮ
߬ ., ., ӫ-߬
ӫԫѮ
䫽 ԫѽ
1986
ѡ 16
ߴ 1
-
, .漫
1997
.ӿӿ ѽ 漫, ԫ Ӭٮ ӿ
ެ һ ѡ , 漫, Ἣ
Կ. Ѻ ߬ߡ ӿի,
ѽ, ԫ , ԫ ߡ
ү ԡ ߬ߡү ߽Ҫ. , , ߽
߽ѡ ի ԯެ, ӡ Դ, Դ.
ӫ 5–6 ѬԿ ԫ, .ӿӿ
Ѻ ӿ ѽѬѡ Ѻ. ūԿ Ҽ
ӿѺ , ӫӿӫ, Կ߬ Ѻ ᬫ- Ѫ.
, ߴ 10 ߽Ҫ Ӭ,
үڿ իټ ߫Ἷ Ἷ. ū߽ ѡѡ ᵿ .ӿӿ
Ѻ ߽Ҫ ӿի, Ѽ Ὣ ߽Ҫ
ӫ ԫ-ի߬ 漫߬ , Ѫ.
߽ ӿ Ѯ Ѽ .ӿӿ ެ 쿡 Ҫ .
ެ 쿡 Ѽ . ԫ ߡ Ҭ ԡ ѡ,
߿ ѽ. , ӫԡ, Ҫ ӫ ߫.
ԫ ٽ ѡ. ġ ߯ ӫѽ ӫԫ -.
߽ Ѯ ٮ ի ү . .ӿӿ ӫ ٽ
߫ ѡ Ѯ ڡԿ. ġ, ӡ ѡ,
ԬἿ Ѫ , , , ߴ. ġ ѺӴ ի
߿, , ԫ ѵ , , ӡ, , ԫ
ެ ҮԿ ... ߽ . ߫ԫ ӫ
ӫѽ ᬫ-ԫ Ѻ ѽ, ԫٮ ӫ ѡ ߿ .
ġ Կի Ҽ, Կի ѽԡ, ӫ ߯ . ӽ
ӫٻ ߡ ӫ. ӫ 61
-
1997
ѡ 25
ߴ 10
ԫ , .漫
ԫ իӫѡ , .漫, ԫ-ի߬ Ӭ, Ӭ
ūիӫ .ӿӿ ެ 쿡 漫߬ Ӭ.
ӫ ߽ ٬: "... ԡ ӫѽ ԫѡ
߽ү, Կ ӿԫ. ԫ Ѽ
ү , ԫ , ѡү һ 쿡. ԫ
. Ҽ ߽ ߬ Ѽ — ԫ Ҽ ѡ.
ӫ , ѽ ߡټ ѽ"