俫߿ (Ҭ ӿ 쿬)
Ἷ
Ҭ
ӫѡ
1908
ѡ ӫѡ
30
ߴ ӫѡ
6
ԫ ӫѡ
տտӿ
ӫի Ӵ߬ ߽߫, ٽ ߿ ߽ .
ѵ ٽ ѡὫ. ٽ իӫ Ѭ. Ἣ ᡡ
ӿ , , Ե ӿѬ
ԫ
[
1
]
[
2
]
[
3
]
տӿ 滿ӿ (Ҭ) տ 俫߿
տӿ 滿ӿ (Ҭ)
ū߽ޡ ӫ ꫡ߬ Ӵ. 2- ߽ޡ ӿ (ڿ .滿ӿ)
[
1918-1929.
]
[
1929-1930.
]
[
1930-1934.
]
[
1934-1947.
]
[
1947-1956.
]
[
1956-1990.
]
[
1990-1991.
]
[
1991.
]
ẫ
, 6- ế
һѡ
1918
1918. ӫѽ ӿ 6- ߬ү ế. ū߽ 2
ế߬ ế ٽ ѫẫ ެ. Ե
߽ ӿ ѡ Ѽ ߽ ѡѡ ӫ.
ӿ ѽ ѡ ߫Կ, 1921. ߡү
߬ү -߬ . Ẽ ߬ ӻ 30,
Ѻ Ӭ
, -߬ , ߡ ߬
һѡ
1921
1924
ẫ Ѽ ӫἼ 6-Կ ߫, ѡү
ެ ᬫ ѽ ٽ Ӭӫ 1924. .
1924. ӿ һ ߽ޡ ԫ-ӫ
Ҫѡ
, ԫ-ӫ ꫡ߬ Ѫѽ ١
䫽
߽ޡ, , ѵ
1924
1926
ӫٮ ӡٮ ӫ ѽ ѽ Ӵߡ Կ
ٮ ߫ߴ Կ Կ.
ӫ Ѽ ԫ ѽ, ѽ Һ٬ٮ ߽, ߫Կ
߿. ꫡ߬ ١ ٽ ߡ ެ, ߴ
. Ѽ ߽ ӫ. ٽ ᬪ
ѽѻ ἴ. ߽Ҫ Ѭ, ߡѡ ѮѼ
ԫ ߽ ߽Ҫѡ Ѽ ߯
ӡ ߽ ѡ տѿ ߫ .
1926. ԫѽѼ -߬ ᡫߴ 30-ԡ տӿ
Ӽѡ (⫽). ԫ ߽ޡ ӿ Ҭ ѽ
-߬
, -߬ ѡ߬
䫽
߽ޡ
1926
1929
ѡ
17
ߴ
6
Ҭѡ
滿ӿ
1929
ѡ
17
ߴ
6
ԫ
, -߬ ѡ߬
ԫ Ҭ
տӿ Ӽѡ (⫽), ԫѽ
Ҫѡ
, -߬ ѡ߬
1929
ѡ
17
ߴ
6
1930
Ҭѡ
ӫᬫ
1930
ԫ
, -߬ ѡ߬
Ҫѡ
, -߬ ѡ߬
ӫᬫ
1930
1934
Ҭѡ
ӫ
1934
ߴ
4
ԫ
, -߬ ѡ߬
Ҫѡ
, -߬ ѡ߬
ӫ
1934
1934
ū߽ -߬ ѡἿ ѽ ӿի߬ү Ӭ
.Ľ, Ѽ, ߡ ի һڿ ѡ, ѡ߬ ߫,
Ѽ 쿬߬ү Ӭ ߬
, Ӭ .ừԫ .Ľ
ӫ
, ѡ߬ ߫
ӫ
, 쿬߬ Ӭ ߬
ӫ
ի ӫѮߴ 1934. ῡ Կᵿ ᵿ ի
ѡ߽ҪѽѮ .滿ӿ ٽ ѽѡ 100-ӫү .
1934. ӫ ԫ
ӫ
ԫ
1934
1937
1934., ߬ ӫ .滿ӿ, "ӿիټ
߽ҪѽѼ ҽ". Կ ޡ (, Ӵ) ѡ,
ѫߴ Ѽ ὴӡ , ӫ Ѽ Կ ạ
. " ԡ ... ѽ ߬ӫ ѡ, ߴ ߫ѡ".
ӫ ӫ - ѡ, ᬫ ,
ӿ Ѯ Կ. ѡ .滿ӿ ѽߴ
ӿ Ӭ, , . Ѽ .滿ӿ ߬ ѡ
ߴ ѡѼ "Կիӡټ Ἷ".
ӫ ԫ ߡ ҽ.߬, 40, Ѽ ế, 6,
ѡ ӫ ҽ.Ѽ߬ (᮫ ᡬ). 1935.
ߡѼ ѻ߬ ߿ (ӫ߬), ӡѼߴ ᬽѡ.
1936. .滿ӿ 2- ߴ ӫ ӫ ߬ ԫ-ᮽ߬
ԫի Ӵ ߿ (ҽ).
ԫ Ѫ ԬἿ. ỿ߿ .滿ӿ ٽ
۴ Ѽ ߬
, ҽ.Ѽ߬, 34
1937
ѡ
29
ߴ
8
ԫ 29 30 1937. 4 ѽѡѼ 4 ѽ .
Ӫߴ Ѯ ԫ߬ ԯ.
.滿ӿ ӫի ߽ѡ ѽ ѻ߬ ߿ (ӫ߬), ի
ѡ (ԯ), ǽѬ (), ᡡ (⫽߬), ѡ
.., ߽Ҫѽ ū߬ ..
Ҫѡ
ӫ ӿ ԫ߬ .
17
/11
/1937
ѡ
ԡ / һӫ Ӭ"
.541011
ӿ
10
ӿὫ ѽ:
" ᬫ / ӫ, Ѽ ӿ ӿի ѻ߬
"
ᬽѡ
ԫ, ԯ
1937
ѡ
29
ߴ
8
1937
ӿ .滿ӿ Һ Ҫ 2- ҡ Խ
Ӽ߬ (ӫ߬) ., Խ
1937
1947
ѡ
30
ߴ
8
Ӵ .滿ӿ Ի 3 Ὣ. ġ :
"ừӿ , . ԫ ߴ ӿѽ
߽, ԫ ߡ. ᬿ ѡѼ ߫Կ߬
ᬫԿ ӿ ١ѡ ԫ ӿ Ҭ ӫ
ԫ߬ . ѿԡ.
ӿѽټ ߽Ѽ ѡ ..9596, 128129, 137 206 ".
Ὣ .滿ӿ ٽ ߬ ߽ ԫ 10 ԴӴ 1940.
ӫӫ ѵѽ ᡫ: "Ὣ Ҭ .. ѫߡѽү
Ѻ ѡ, Ѽ ".
߿ ӫ .滿ӿ, ի Ҭѻ.
23 ߴ Խ 12 ߴ .滿ӿ Ѻ .
26 ѽ 1938. 14 1939. ѽ Կ, Ѻҽ
ի ߴ ٽ. .滿ӿ , ԫ
" , ԫ ߫ ,
Կ"
һ . .滿ӿ ԫ Ӫ ԫ Դѽ ,
Ҭѻߴ ի.
30 1947. ߽ 10-ԡ ᬽѡ .滿ӿ ٽ ѡ Խ
ѡ Կߴ .
ū Ԭ Ѯ ӫ߬, ԫ
Ҫѡ
ԫ߬ ., ǡޫ߬ ., .ٽ, ´-ѽ߬ Ӭ
ӫ
䫽
ԫѽ
1947
1956
ū Ҭ ѻ߬ ԫ߬ ѻտ ǽѬ, 13 Ӵ 1948. .滿ӿ
ѡ ԫѽѼ ᮽ߬ Ӭ ѽ ٽ.
1950- . ٽ ѡ ӿի ӡ, ӫ ҽ.ƫԫ, 63
ӡ
ӫ
1956
1954. .滿ӿ ٮ Կߴ Դ ӫ
ѽ ߡ . ӫѡ ѽ ѺҼ ի
..ӫ .滿ӿ, ԡԿ, :
"Ӵ ԫ, ԫ ٽ, ᡫѡ
߿ . ū Ѽ ӫ ... Ҫ ߿ѼԿ߬ ѡ
ѡ Ѯ. ѡ ԫ, Ҫ իߴ ,
իԴ Ѽѡ . Ѯ
߫ԫ".
Ѻ , 3 ὴ 1955. .滿ӿ ٺ ӫ ߽ѽ
ӡ߬ Կ. ի ӫ .滿ӿ ᬫ- Կ
Կ߫߬ ᵿ. ٽ ߡ 22 ԴӴ 1955.
Ҭѡ
Ҽѡ
1956
ߴ
5
տӿ
1961
ߴ
3
Ҫѡ
ӡ
տӿ
Ӭ ߬ Ѽѡ .滿ӿ, Խߴ ѻ
ӫ ԫ ӡ, , ѡ...
տӿ
ѡ
տӿ
ӫ
ῡ߬ , .ԫ
1970
1990
1970. ѡ . ѽߴ ԫ. 1980- .
.滿ӿ Կ ỿ߬, ԫ, ӫ , ѡ ޫ
ӿὫ ӫ , ߽Ҫѡ, ߽, ߬
, ѡ .
1988. , 1990. , Ѯ
ԫ-ѡ߬ -߬ .
ԡ , տӿ ꫡ, իѽ Ѯ ӫ -ѪѼ, ѻ
. տӿ 滿ӿ ٽ ѡٮ Ѽ ӫ ԫ ߬
߽Ҫ. .滿ӿ ӿ ի ߬ Կ,
߫ߴ, .. ӿ ߫߬ Կ, , ԫ
ѡ
Ҫѡ
, -߬ ѡ߬
տӿ
䫽
ի
1990
1991
1990. ի , ӿѺ , ߫ѡ ԫ
. Ѽ Ѽ ԫ ߬ ѽ,
ٽ ӫ ի . ġ ٽ ӫ, Կ ߬...
"ӿ ѡ, ߴԿԡѼ .滿ӿ ѽ Խٮ Ҽ,
ٽ ߽ ԬἿ, ߴ ٮ ԫ ѡ Ѽ Դ
Ӭ ".
.滿ӿ Ӽ ߬ү Կ, ߫ ӿ,
߬
Ҭѡ
տտӿ
俫߿
1991
Ѽ ԡ Ѻ ٽ ӿѡ տ ѡѼ 俫߿.
ū ԫ 2 ѡԴӴ 1991., " Կ ѡ ߽ ӿ տ Ѻ
߽ ӿԿ .ӿԫ ῡ".
Ѻѡ ԿѮ . տӿ ūӻ :
"Ի ߫Ὣ Կ ѡ , ߫ߴ
߫ӡ ѡ ӫ, ԫٮ ٽ ߫ѡ ߫ӫ ѡ,
ẼԿߴ ӫ ѽ .俫߿. ӿ ԫ, ԫ ߽Ҫѡ
߫Ὣ 7 14 ߫ ӿ ޫ ѡ ԫѡ߬
, ѡ ٽ Ӭ, ᬫ Խѡ ٽ, ӫ,
ٽ Խ-ѽԫ, ߬, , ٽ
ټ. ԫ Һ, Ҭ ԯެ, ߽
ӫ ӿүڿ Ի ӫ"
諡
1991
ѡ
2
ߴ
9
ԫ
ԫ
ԫ իӫѡ
, ӿѵ
ū߽ Կ տտӿ Ὣ ߬ Ѯ ޫ Ӽ
ỿ߬Ἷ, ԫ ѽ 1980- ԫ. ԫ Ԭ ӫ
߽Ҫ ߽ Ӭ ѡ. .滿ӿ ᬪ
ӿ , Կߴ , ߬ .
Կ ߴ ߬ .
ѮүѼ Ӭ ի ԫԿ, ߴ
߫ Ѽѡ ӿ 쿬
ᵿ
1.
տ ., ӫ. ѡ: .4. ӫ (Ԭ), 2005. 151. .9293.
2.
ӫԫѮ . ỿ߫ տӿ 滿ӿ// . ߽ٮ ӡ. 1992. N 2. .5051.
3.
߬ ѡ Կ -߬ , Ѯ ߽ү 20 ԫԿ/ .: ..ٽ, : ƿ -߬ ѡ߬ : ѡ, 2008. 291.: . .97105.
(c) . ҽ