ѡ߬ 쿬 伿ӿ
Ἷ
ѡ߬
ӫѡ
1900
ѡ ӫѡ
3
ߴ ӫѡ
1
ԫ ӫѡ
ӫ߬ ., Ѽ߬ ., ū
ѵ
߽Ҫѡٮ ӫ߫, ԫ Ӭ ԫӿ, ߬ѡ
ɫߴ Ѽ ѡ, ӫѽ ӿ Դ,
ԫ Ѽ ٽ ӫ, . Ѽ ԫ
Һ٬ Ҽѡ ѽ. Կ ҡ߽ ӫѽѮ
Һ٬ ѡ. ߽ Һ٬
ẫ. , ԫ, Ѯ ӫѡ ߽Ҫ
.俼ӿ 쿬 ӫ Ӭټ ߽Ҫ
ɫ
1
١ ӫԫѴ
ѡ߬ 伿ӿ ǽѬ
2
Ҫ
ѡ߬ ᡫ
ԫ
[
1
]
ѡ߬ 쿬 伿ӿ
[
1909-1922.
]
[
1922 - 1932.
]
[
1932-1987.
]
ẫ
ӫ߬ ի
һѡ
1909
1913
ẫ 쿬 Ѽ߬ ެ, ԫӫ
һ ի
ӫ߬ ի Ѽӿ
һѡ
1913
1918
߽ һ իү Ѽӿ, ߽
4 ٽ ѡ 5 , Ѽӿ ٽ .
Ѵ Կ ӫ ߽߬ ẫ, 쿬 伿ӿ
Ѭԫӫ Ѽ ߽Ҫ Ӭ
Ҫѡ
ӫ߬ ., Ѽ߬ ., .Ĭҽ, 쿬߬ Ӭ
䫽
Ὣڿ, ѡ
1918
1920
1920. ٽ ӿ ߡү Ӽ, ߽Ҫ 1922.
ӫ߬ ., Ѽ߬ ., .Ĭҽ
1922
ѵ 쿬 伿ӿ ӫԫѮ 俼ӿ ٽ ԫ
ѡ տѡ 쿬߬ , ԫ ӿѬ
ᬽѡ
ӫ, Ѯٮ ., 4, ԯ
1922
1922
쿬, ߽Ҫ , " ѡ",
ٽ , 쿬 伿ӿ ӿ߬ ѡ.
Ԭߴ ӫ ѡѮ ԫ
"ӿ" Ὣ "ޫ " (Ѯٮ ӫѬ,
4). "ӿἿ" ߽Ҫ , ԫ Ԭ
. ӿ ԫ ٽ . ԫ ԬἿ.
. ӫ. -ԫ ӿ ԫ Ԭ.
ԫ Ѭԫ Կߴ Ҽ. ᬿ ӿ Ӵ Կ,
ӫ ԡ , ի. 쿬
伿ӿ, ٮ , ѽ ԯ . (ūԫ, Ҫ
ѡ ѽ ӿ߬ .)
ẫ
ӫ߬ ߽߬ Կ
һѡ
1922
1925
Կ ᡫߴ ѡ ӫ߫ ..伿ӿ߬
ѡ߬ ߽߬
һѡ
1925
1926
1925. ߽߬ Կ ٽ ѫẫ ߽߬
, ѽ 쿬 伿ӿ. ߡ 1925. ѡٮ
Ѽ ѽ "ӫիѡ ӿ, ѡڡ
ѡ, ߫ Կ", ߬ ߫ԫ ޡ ڿ
߬ . 쿬 伿ӿ ٽ ѡ
ӫ߫߬ Կѡԫ. ᬫ ԫ Ὣ ӿ,
Ѽ ӿի ս ѻѼ ,
ѡԫ
ѡ Ѽ߬ ѽ, աҼ
һѡ
1928
ߴ һѡ
9
1931
ߴ
6
Կ ի ѡ Ὣ ѵ ѴѽԿ
쿬 伿ӿ Һ٬ ẫ. ūٮ
ѡ ӫѽ ԫ 4 3 , ᵿ ӿ ի
ѽ ѡ
Ҫѡ
ӫ߬ ., Ѽ߬ ., .Ĭҽ
䫽
ѡ
Կ աҼ, 쿬 伿ӿ ӿ߬ ߽Ҫ
ӫ
ѡ, ߽߬
䫽
ӫ߫߬ Կѡ, Ѭ ߫ ( 1927.)
1926
1928
ߴ
9
ѡ
䫽
ѡ
1932
1926. 쿬 伿ӿ ѡߴ ᡫ ԫ.
1929. ٽ ԫ Ѽ Ѭ ٽ ߽
Ӭ߬ү . ӿ 쿬 伿ӿ ߫ 濼߬
Ӭ Ѻ Ӭ߬ ӫ, ߴ ѡ.
1931. ٺ ߴ Ե " ӫ".
ġ ѽ Ԭߴ. ƫ ѽ , ԫ
Ὣ ѡ ߬ . ѡ Ի
ӿѽ : ѼԿӫ ӫ, ᮡ Կ ..
ӿѼ Դѽٮ Կ. 쿬 伿ӿ Կߴ
.. ӫ ߡԿ "ѡ". 1932. Ѽ
ӿ߽ ٻ߬ ӫԫ ѺҼ ѡ
ի ᡫѡ
ẫ
ѡ߬ ԫӿ
һѡ
1932
1937
ū߽ ᡫѡ 쿬 伿ӿ һ ԫӿ
ԫӿ-ѫԿ߬ ҽ ѵ Һ٬
Ҫѡ
ѡ, ѡ Һ٬ ẫ . ..ɿ߬-ᬫ
䫽
ѻѽ
1937
1938
ѡ, ѡ߬ ԫӿ
䫽
ѻѽ
1938
1954
諡ԫӿ ѡ
ѡ, Һ٬ ߬
䫽
Ѭԫ
1939
1942
ߴ
8
Ҭ Ѽ Կ 1942.
19411945. ( ) Ѽѡ ߴ Ӵ
ӫԿޡ ӫ (). ӿ ԫ 1941.
쿬 伿ӿ ٽ Դѽ Ҫѡ.
Ѻҽ II һ. Ѽ
ѡ ԫ Һ٬ ެ, ԫӫ
ѻ ѡ߬
ѡ, 쿬-ѡ߬ ߫
䫽
ѡ
1942
1945
ūԡٮ ߬ ߽ Ӭ
䫽
ѡ ߫
1945
1945
ѡ, ߬
䫽
ѻѽ
1944
1946
ԫ , 쿬 伿ӿ ӡҽߴ Ӭ
߽Ҫѡ
ѡ, ѡ߬ ի ǬѼ
䫽
ѡ , ӫ߫ ( 12.06.1947.)
1946
1987
Ѽѡ Ҭ ѡ߬ Ἷ ӿ ѡ߬ ի
ެ. 22 1949. 쿬 伿ӿ ڿԿ ᵿ Ѽ "
ѡڡ ѡ ߬ ߬ Ӭ" ԫү ٽ ԫѡ
ѻѡ ߽. Կ ߬ ߽ 쿬
伿ӿ ߴ ߽ѽټ ӫѽѼ ӿ ԫ
ԫӿ߬ ެ, Ӭ ѽѼ ԫӫ ߴ ѽ,
ѡٮ- ӫټ ѡѼ ..伿ӿ߬.
1954. 쿬 伿ӿ ߫ Ѵѽ ի ǬѼ
ԫӿ, 28 ѬӴ 1946. ڿԿ ԫӿ ᵿ
Ѽ " ߬ " ٽ ԫѡ ѻѡ
߬ѡ. 1953. ٽ ỿ ԫ߬ ᵿ
"ӫ߿ Һ٬ ɫ߿ XVII Ѭ". ᵿ ٽ
ѫ߬ ߫ѡ (ѡѼ ߫ԡ
Ӭ߿-ѡ ѫӿ Һ٬), ԫ ѽ .
"ӫ Ӭڿ". ԫ " ߫
ѬԿ", ԫӫ ߡ ѫ߬ ѡѡ.
ӫ߿ ѡ: "ԫ Ѯ ᡬ ѡ߬: ߽߫ ӫѽѮ
ի, ѵ ߽Ҫѽ ҽ, ѡ!.." ߫
ӿ "Ѽ ѡ ԿԿ ѡ ߡ
Կ߬ ѫ ӫ ߫ ߫߬
Һ٬ԫ". ѻѽ ..ѡ߬ ٽ ۴ѡ ӿ߬
"ߴ ߴ", ᬪ ի
ǬѼ ߫Կү ԫ ߫߬ Һ... 쿬
伿ӿ ӿ ҮԿ ԫӿ, ѡ ի
Կӫ " ѡѼ Ѻ". ԫ ٽ :
Ԭ ӿӫ, ۴ѡ ,
߬ ߬Ѯ, ѡ , Ҫ ӪὫ
߿ڿ Կ߬ Ҽѽ ᡡٮ Ѫ Կ
Һ, աѼ Ѭԫټ "Ἷ"...
ԫ߬ү ᵿ, ү ӫ ѫӿ Һ٬
ԫӿ 쿬 伿ӿ ѡ
߫үڿ Ѽ "ԫӿ ߽Ҫ ѡ ߬ Ӭ (
XVII.)" ѡ ѡ ߫ ߬߬
ի ǬѼ. 10 1957., ԫ Ѽ ٽ ӿҪѡ
ѻѡ ԫ Ӭ ԫӿ
ѡٮ 濡, ߽Ҫ-ѡӡ ߿
䫽
ѡ ߿
1956
1958
ӫ ԫ, 쿬 伿ӿ ٽ ѡ "߽߬ ",
Ἣ , ѡ Ѫҡӫ ߿
ἴԡ ߽߬ Һ٬ ӿ Ѫҡӫ ߽ԫ.
1950- 쿬 伿ӿ ҽӡ Ѻ Ѫ
ӿѡ ӫѮ߬ ӬѮ Ѽӡ ߽߬
ݬҼѡԿ߬ ѡ, Ѻ, Ѫ߿ ߫. ġ
ѡ ūԡ ӫ 1945. 1971., 19501960. ԫٮ ѡ
߬ ߿ ӿ . 濡. 1960- ӫ ߬
ߡ ߫Կ ߬ 쿬 伿ӿ, ߬
ѽ ߬ ߫ѡ:
"߬ ߬ ߬", "ẵ ߬ ߬
߬", ԫ ٽ ԫ ѿ, ӿѼ ԿἿ
ūԡٮ ߬ ߽ Ӭ
䫽
ѡ ߫
1971
1971
ѡ ѡ I ѻѡ
ٽ ѡ ὴ " ӫ ѡ", " ԡٮ
ѽ ѡ 髮 19411945." Ἷ
ѡ ԫ ừԫ III ѻѡ
ѡ ԫ ừԫ II ѻѡ
ѡ ѻ Ѫ߬ III ѻѡ
ѡ ѻ Ѫ߬ II ѻѡ
ӫ ԫ, ѽ ߽ѡ ǡԿտ߬, ߬
ūԡ ߽ ӬѮ
諡
1987
ѡ
23
ߴ
7
ԫ
ѡ
ԫ իӫѡ
ѡ, ߬ , Ӵ Ἣ
7 1987. 쿬 伿ӿ ߽ߴ ٮ ӿһ
Ѻ ѡ, ߽үڿ ѡ ӿԿ ӿԫ
ῡ. ӫ 22 ..ѡ߬ ӿԿߴ Ѻ ߬
߫ ӡ ԫѽ . ԫ ѡ ᡡ-߽߬
ӫ ѡ߬ ӫ߬ ǽѬ߿ (ڿ ӿ)
߽߫Ҫѡ Ѭԫ ѡ߬ ի ެ ӫԫѴ .ӫ
߫ ү տ ѡ 쿬. Ὣ
տ ٬ ߬ ӫѡ ߽ Ѽ, ԼԿ
-߽߬ү Ѵѽ, ߽Ҫѡ Ӭ. Ի ٽ
߫ѡ 쿬߬ ߫
1.
: "鿺Կ߬ . ǡ". 2003.
2.
: "߬ ߬ ߬". 1965, 1971
3.
: "ẵ ߬ ߬ ߬". 1968, 1971
ᵿ
1.
⫽ѡ , ѡ. 쿬 伿ӿ ѡ߬ Ԭ Ӭ // ѡ߬ .. 鿺Կ߬ . ǡ. .: "Կ", 2003. 352. .520.
2.
ӫ߬ ., ѻѽ . ߽Ҫѡٮ ӫ߫ 쿬 伿ӿ ѡ߬ (Ѭӫ)// . 1988. N 3. .2426.
(c) . ҽ