Ἷ ѡ
ӫѡ 1907
ѡ ӫѡ 10
ߴ ӫѡ 6
ԫ ӫѡ ӿ߽߬ ., ߬ ., .ա-ѻ
ӫԫѮ
ɫߴ 10/23 1907. Ѽ ѡ.
ƿѮ ٽ ѡ, Ѽ .ӫѽ߬ ߬ .
ԫ[1] [2]
ӫԫѮ ѡ ƿѮ Ѽѡ
ӫԫѮ ѡ ƿѮ Ѽѡ
-
Ҫѡ
-
߬ ., .ӫѽ߬
䫽 ѵ, ӡ
1917
ԡ Ѽ .濼ѫ ƿѮ ٽ ټ . ᡡ
ƿѮ ٽ . ġ Ѽ Ե Ӭ, ԫ
߽Ҫ. ѵ ӫ ߽ Ӭ. Ѽ
߽Ҫѡ, ǻԫ, ƿѮ ߴ, .濼ѫ ߽ Ѽ Ӵ, ԫ
ѵ ӫ ߡ .
ƿѮ ߴ , , ӿ ѡ ,
ἫẫѼ. ѡ, , ٻ߬
Կ .
ū߽ 1917. Ѽ .濼ѫ , ߬ Կ
1925. ƿѮ ѽ߬իѡٮ աҼ, 1927. — ߬
աҼ
߬ ҡ߿, ߬ ҽ |
1927. һ ߬ ҽ ߬ ҡ߿, ٽ
Ѻ ޫ Ѽ ߬ѡ ѻӫ߬ ӫիѡ.
ߴ ἫẫѼ. Ѽѵ, ᡵҺ߬, ߬ ٬,
ӿ. Ǭ ӿ ߡ, ӫ߿ ڿ
߬ ի Ѽӿ |
1928. ᬫ ߬ү իү Ѽӿ
-
߬ ., .ӫѽ߬
1929
1929. ѡߴ ѡ Һ 쿡.
ѡ ߫ԫ ӫѽ߬ ߫. ū߽ ѡ, ٮ ߫,
ѽ, ҽ ԫᡡ, ٽ ѡ߽ҪѽѮ.
ƿѮ Ѽѡ ӫ߿ 쿡: " ߴ , ԫ ߫ ᬫ?"
— 쿡 Կ: " ԫ , , — !"
-
߬ ., .ӫѽ߬
䫽 ᬫ
1929
1930
Ҫ ᬫ ѻ߬ ӫѽ߬ 俼ӿ, ԫٮ ٽ ԡټ
߽ҪѽѼ Ӭ. Ὣ ٬ ѡ, Ӵ
ߴ ӫ ҡѡ ӫԿѮ Ѯ, ѻ߬ ӫ ߽Ҫѡ,
ᬫ ٽ ӡټ ڡ
-
ᬫ
1930
ѡ 21
ߴ 5
Ѯ
1930
ѡ 22
ߴ 5
-
߬ ., .Ԭ, ӫ Ӭ
ᬫ, Ѯ
1930
1931
ӿԡѮ .ƿѴ ٽ .
Ҫ .ƿѮ ᬫ ӫ ټ ( 1933. ߽ᡡټ,
ѽټ).
ѡ ѻ߿ټ Ὣ. ٽ ߬ᡫ Ὣ.
ū , ѽ Կ , ԫ
, ԫ .ƿѴ ߡ Ӵ.
1931. .ƿѴ ӿѽ — ү Ӽ
-
䫡ѵ ., .ӿһ, Ӽ
1931
Ӽ, ٽ .ƿѮ, ի ӿ (ӿ ӫ
, Ӫ). .ƿѮ ѽ Կ.
ѽ ѡ Ѯ ᡫ, ѽ ,
ԫ ߫. ū߽ ԫ Ҫ Ѽ Ἣ Կ
-
߬ (ӫ߬) ., ԫ߬ ., .ѽԬ, ԫ-ɫ-ᡡ-ѡ߬ Ӭ
ѡ
1932
ߴ 8
, ӫѡٮ XX Ѭ ڿ, ٽ ޫ, ѽѡٮ.
ӿի ѡ.
忽 Կ. ١ ի (ӫԫ) ѽ , ԯެ,
ߴ Ѽѵ ٬ Ѻ ߬ ѽѼ Ѽѵ ٬.
1932–1933. ٽ Դѽټ, ټ Ἷ. .ƿѮ ѽߴ ӿիἿ
߽ ߬ ս.
.ƿѯ һ , ᮡ ߫ ѽ ѽ߫
..߬ ߫ѡ "Ὧެ" ٽ һѡ ެ 쿡.
ѽ տ ẫᡡ ӫ߬ Ӵ: ´, ѫ,
, , ѡἿ, ӫ .
ū ѽ ١, ᡫ ӫ .ƿѴ Կ
Ѭԫٮ ѽѬ Ѻ ӿ Ѽ, , Ѻ. ū ԫ ѽѬ
, ӫѽ ѽү ѡү . ӿի ѽү
, ߴ ӿߴ.
.ƿѮ ߴ ߿߬ Ѵѽ Ѭԫ, ӫ
ѽ, ӫ߿ Ѽ " ѡ ѡ Ѯ, Ѽ
ѡ, үڿ ӫ, үڿ ". ԡټ ߿
.ƿѴ տ, Ѯ , ӡҽ Ѭԫ Ӭ.
1930- . ѡ Ӭ ߿, ѽ ٽ
-
߬ (ӫ߬) ., ԫ߬ ., .ѽԬ
1937
ѡ 9
ߴ 8
1937. .ƿѮ ٽ ԫ.
߽ү ӫ, ١, "ӿ Կ Ѻ ӫ
".
Ѽ .ƿѴ ѡ : ѡ, ӫ Ѯ — Ѽ, ,
١ (ԫӫ ٽ ) ѵ ԯެ .濼ѫ.
ū߽ .ƿѴ Ѽ Ѻ
-
ӫ ӿ
././1937
ѡ "/ ᵿ ӫ"
.58–10
ӿ 10
.ƿѮ ٽ ӿѡ 10
-
ѽ,
1937
1947
ū .ƿѴ:
ū߽ ԫ .ƿѮ ѡ 4- ߴ իߴ ߫.
, իߴ .ƿѮ, ٽ Ѽѡ ѡ.
ӫ, ѽ Ѻ ԫ ѽ. ū Ҽѡ ѽ, ԫ
.ƿѴ ߴ ߬ ẫ, ӿѽ ѽѽ ӿ
ӫ. .ƿѮ, , ޡ ӿ ӫ, ѽ
. ԫ ӫ ԡ : ..ɫ߫߬,
ޡ . ѡ߽Ҫѽ.
իߴ տѻ߬ ߫, ԫٮ ٽ ѡ, ߴ
߬ ӫ 25 . ᬽѡ ѡ߽Ҫѽ ѽ
Ҫѡ, ԫ. ᬽѡ, ,
.
Ѽ ѽ ѡ ӯ ӿߴ ӫ,
Ѽѵ ӫڿ. .ƿѴ ᵿ Կ Ѽѵ
Ѽѵ Ἣԫ.
ū ի .ƿѴ տѻ߬ ߫ ټ.
Ѽ ӫ ӫ ӿߴ ӯ, ԫ Ӵ
Ѫ, ᬽѡ ԫ. Ѽ Ӵ . ᡡ
ӡҽ ߴ ᬽѡټ Ѯ ԫ.
Կ, .ƿѮ ᬽѡټ, ,
Ӫ ᵿ , ԫ Ѽ ա ߫ߴ
߿Ἷ, իԴ ԫ Ἣ ѽ.
ѽ߬ ӫ .ƿѼ ӫ
Ǭᬿ, Ҽѡ ѫ, ӫ ū, Ѯ ѫ .
տѻ߬ ߫ ᬪ ӡҽߴ Ӵ. ٬ ߬ .ƿѯ,
ԫ ԫ ӡߴ Ӵ, ԫ ӫ Ѯ, ԫ Ե
ԫ ߽Ҫ ߡ .ѽԬ. , ԫ
.ƿѮ " ߴ ѽ Ӵ߫". իӫ .
ūԫ .ƿѴ, .
.ƿѮ Ҫߴ , ѡӫ ѡ. ū߽ ѡ
.ƿѮ Ѻ ӿ, ԫ ߬ Ѯ , ߽
ӫ ߽, ѡ ӿ.
.ƿѮ ٽ ѡ 1947., ѡ ԫ ӫ.
-
߬ (ӫ߬) ., ԫ߬ ., .ѽԬ, ԫ-ɫ-ᡡ-ѡ߬ Ӭ
ѡ
1947
1953
ѡ 21
ߴ 7
ū߽ ѡ .ƿѮ ߬ ѽү , ի ٮ,
"ҡ", Ѻ ӡ Ҽ տټ "" .
ū ཫի߬ ѡ߬ ߫, ԫѽѼ ٽ ӫԫ
.쿬 諽߬, Ե. .쿬 ի ,
.ƿѮ һ Ѽ . .쿬 Һ , ӫԴҽ Ѽ ѡ, ԯެ
Ԭߴ ӫ߿ ѡ ߽Ҫѡ. .ƿѮ ߽Ҫ
ү ӿү ཫի߬ ߫. .ƿѮ Ἣ Կ
.
ū߽ ԫ .ƿѮ ѽԬ ߽Ҫ ᡡ-ɫѡ߬ .
Ѽ ٽ Դѽ ߽ , 1947 ٽ ټ. Ӭ ٽ
Ѭ, ӫѬ, ҬӬ .
Ὣ ޫ ӡ ԫӫ, ӫ ߽Ҫ. Ѭ ,
, ߫ , ߽Ҫ . ѽ 쿬߬
ӿ ߿ѽ ߽Ҫ ս, .ƿѮ ٻӫ߿. Ѯ
տ (ԫ ٪ Ѽ, ԫ ի Ѵ)
ӿիἿ Ҭߴ. ի ٽ, ӿٽ ӫ.
.ƿѮ ѡ ѽ, ӫ߿ Ѽԫ
Ѯ ӿի. , ӫ߿ ӿѺԿ ߫ һ ߡ
ԫ. һ ߬.
1953. տѻ߬ 쿬, .ƿѴ, ѽ ߽Ҫ
ӫ
߬ (ӫ), ԫ-Ѭѡ߬ Ӭ
ѡ
1953
ѡ 22
ߴ 7
1953
ߴ 10
ӿի ߬ ٽ , Ѽ ѽԬ. .ƿѮ ԫ, ԫ -ԫ
߬ Ѽ ٬ ߫ "ѽ Ӵ", .ƿѮ ӫ߿ߴ
ѽԬ. ӫѡ ٽ ѡ
߬ (ӫ߬) ., ԫ߬ ., .ѽԬ, ԫ-ɫ-ᡡ-ѡ߬ Ӭ
ѡ
1953
ߴ 10
1957
.ƿѴ, Ӭ ӿ, ӿի Ҭߴ, ҽӡ
߿ . 1956. ٽ ӫѡ ӻ Ӭ .
ӻ ߴ , .ƿѮ 䫡ѵ
ѽѺ ӫ, ѡ ѽѺӫ ߬, ԫٮ ѽѽ .
ӻ Һ .ӿ, ӿի ޡ ѽѪ
. ӫѽ , ի ԫ
. ԫ ߫, Ӵߴ ѡ ӿիἿ,
Ѻ . ӫὫ ߯
-
ӫԫѮ
1957
ѡ 12
ߴ 4
ԫ Ҭ Ѯ ӿ ǽѬ߿
-
߬ (ӫ߬) ., ԫ߬ ., .ѽԬ, ԫ-ɫ-ᡡ-ѡ߬ Ӭ
ӫԫѮ
䫽 ի 2- ߬ ߬ ѻտ ( 12.03.1969.)
1957
ѡ 12
ߴ 4
1961. ٽ ѽ ٮ , һ ώ߬ ,
ի. ի ѡ .ƿѴ.
.ƿѴ ӿի ٽ ѡ . 1963. ӿ
ٽ ѽ Կ.
1964. ի .ƿѮ ᡫ , ԫӫ ӿ,
ԫ ߽ ߽Ҫ , . ġ Կߴ, ѽ
߽Ҫ. ԫ ԫ Ѽ ڡ .
1969. ẫ տѻ߬ .ƿѮ ٽ ạѡ ի 2-
߬ ߬ ѻտ
ġ ٽ ѡ Ӭټ Ἷ, ԫ ߽ 1975. — ӫ.
.ƿѮ ѡ ӫ ի ڿ ٬ . ѽ Կ
ӿի. ٽ ӿԽټ, ѻӿټ. ߴ ӫԫ. ߽Ҫ ٽ
, ӫ ٻ . ԫӴ, ԫ "ޡ ѽ߬ ԯެ
ѽ ". Ѽ ӿ, ԫ
" ٽ ".
.ƿѮ ӿիἿ ӿѽ, իԴ ԫ ٽ ѡ
ᬫ. տ ߿.
.ƿѮ ѡ .
ġ ӿի ѡ , ӿ
Կ ӿի.
߽ Ѽ .ƿѮ Ѽ — ߬ ᬽѡ,
Ѽ ӿ Ѯ Ӵ. ġ Կ ڡ
ӿ - ӿһ.
ūڡ ߽Ҫѡ ٽ . ӫ Ӭ
ѡ ү. ġ ԫ ӿ:
ӿի ѽ Ѻ ӿѡ. ,
ի . ԡټ ѽټ ӿ, , Ӵ .
ӿի Ӵ, ѡ߽Ҫѽ ٽ ߫
ի.
1972. ٮ Ҫ ӿ ԯެ . Կ ߽,
ᡴ ٽ ѡ. Ҫ ٻ , ѡ ԯެ ԫҽ ӫ,
ߴ ᡫ , Կ ެ. Ὣ, ٽ
Ѫ. ԫ Կ Ѯ, ԯެ, ҡ ,
ᡫ, Ѻҽ Ѽ ӫ ѡ, Ӵ
߫. ӿ , ԯެ ټ ѽ ӫ߿, ԫ ѡ.
ū ӿѺ ԫ߬ү .ƿѴ ԫ ᵿ, ѽ
Ӭ. ٻڿ Ӭ .ƿѮ ԫӴ ߽ ߫ :
ū߽ ԯެ ѽ, Ѫ, ԫ ߿
-
ӿ Ἣ
ѡ 1974
ѡ 1975
-
1976
ѡ 15
ߴ 4
ԫ ߬ (ӫ߬) ., ԫ߬ ., .ѽԬ
15 ѽ 1976. .ƿѯ ӿߡߴ ߫, ԫ ӿ ߡ Ѽ
Ԭ, ԫ ٻ , . ӫߡ, ߬ ެ 쿡
ԫ ߫, Ѽ ѽ , ѽ , ѽ ߽,
աҽ Կի ԫѽ
1.Ҽѡ ߫ (Կ). Ԭ ӫ// ߽ (ԫ߬ ). 2010. N3. |
1.١ ѡ ´ ƿ |