ѫԿ ( )
Ἷ
ӫѡ
1884
ѡ ӫѡ
20
ߴ ӫѡ
3
ԫ ӫѡ
ū, ߬ ., ѽ߬ ., ӡ
տӿ
ɫߴ ߬ Ѽ. Ĭ Ӭ-ӿի߬ү ެ.
15 ٽ ڡ ի Ե.
15 , Ἣ, Ѽ ӡ߬
ԫ
[
1
]
[
2
]
[
3
]
[
4
]
ѻٮ ѫԿ, տӿ ᮽ߬, ѵ
տ.ѫԿ () ߽Ҫѡ Һ
տ.ѫԿ ()
ӫ ѫԿ () ӫټ , Ἷ, Ѯ ѼἿ, 8 1916.
[
1911.
]
[
1911-1916.
]
[
1916-1919.
]
[
1919-1922.
]
[
1922-1933.
]
[
1933-1938.
]
[
1938-1947.
]
[
1947-1955.
]
[
1955-1972.
]
Ҫѡ
ѵ ., ѽ߬ . (١ ū), ߬ ġӿ߬
䫽
߽ޡ
1910
ѡ
1
ߴ
1
1911
Ҭѡ
ѫԿ
1911
ԫ
ѵ ., ѽ߬ . (١ ū), ߬ ġӿ߬
ѡ ӿ ӿ .ѫԿ ɫԫ߬
Ҫѡ
ѵ ., ѽ߬ . (١ ū), ߬ ġӿ߬
1911
1914
ū߽ ӫ ٽ ҿӫ ߫ Ѯ ԿѮ Ӵ
߬, ѡ߬
1914
1916
ẫ
߬߬ ի
1916
Ҭѡ
ӫᬫ
1916
Ҫѡ
߬, ѡ߬
ӫᬫ
1916
1919
ẫ
ի Ѽӿ
1919
Ҭѡ
ӫ
1919
ԫ
߬
Ҫѡ
߬, ѡ߬
ӫ
1919
1922
߽ ٽ "ѽѼ " : ҽ.쿬߬, 6.
Կ ѡ ѮѼ ӿ ƿի, ԫٮ ạ
ԡ Ӵ Һ
Ҭѡ
տӿ
1922
ԫ Ҭ
Ѯ ӿ ƿի
ū ѡ [
2
], ѡ տӿ 1919
Ҫѡ
߬ ., .Һ, ߫-
տӿ
䫽
ԡ
1922
1923
ӿ Һ, ߫- ߫ѡ ӫ:
ի ٽ ѡ, ߽Ҫѡ ߫ , Կ
߫ ѡ߬ ߬. .ѫԿ ӿߴ ѡ Ӵ,
ԫҽߴ ټ ԡѡѼ Կ. ߴ߬
߽, ԡ ѡ ӿ ߫ ټ
Ἷ-ѡἿ, ѡ ѽ
ү ߫. 1923. ٽ
߬ ., .Һ, 漫ѡ߬ Ӭ
տӿ
1923
߬ ., .Һ, Ӭ .ᡡ ԫ
տӿ
1930
1929. ٽ Һ߬ ߫. տӿ ѫԿ
ѡ߽Ҫѽ ӴἿ ӿ ߿ ԫ, ԫ ԫ
߫, ߫ ߿ ӫ ԬԿ
ӫ
߬ ., .Һ
1922
1930
߬ ., .Һ
1930
ѡ
2
ߴ
2
1930. 3 ԫߴ, ԯ ߬ Ի߬ Ѻ .
1930. ٽ ԫ Һ߬ ᮫ѽ ߫ һ 32 ѽѬ
ѡ߽ҪѽѮ "Ӭ". ԫѽ, ӿ ԫ ٽ ԫ
ٽ ᬫ: Ѭ Ҭ, ӿ߬ Ѽ ٮ ,
߬ߡٮ ѡ 2 ὴ 1930. տӿ ѫԿ ӫ ٮ Ѻ
Ӭ ᡡ ԫ, ߽Ҫ. ,
Կߴ , ٽ ԫ
Ҫѡ
ӫ ӿ ᡫ߬ ӫѡ .
02
/03
/1930
ѡ
"Կ߫߬ / Ѵѽ ߫ ѻ ᴡ һ, Ѯ ߫ Կ, Ѯߴ ѽڿἿ ѡѪ ӫ ѻ߬ ӿӿ, ߫Ѯ ߿ ԿӫѮ ӫԿ Կ ߫"
.5810,5811
ӿ
3 Ѯ
һ ѽ
"ѽ տӿ ѫԿ ( ..) . Һ, 1930."
ѽ ᬽѡ:
" ӫԴѡ Ӵ ӫѡ ᬫ
.Һ ߫, ԫ Ҫ ߫߫ ӫ
ѡ ѡ- Ѯ үڿ, ѯڿ ѽ
ѽ ߬Կӫ ߽ѡ
߬ Կ. ѡ / Ӭ һ Ӫ ӿ
, ӫ߬ - ѡ߬ Ҫ "ѽ" ѡڿ-ԿѬ
Ѭ. Ѭ ѡڿ-ԿѬ
Ѽ "ӿ" Ѻ ѡѪ ѻ߬
ӿӿ (諺), Ҵ ѡ , ߽Ѽ ߫߬
, ԫ Ѻ ݬߵ ӿ Կ ߫ 1929.
߬ Ҭ Ҭ߿ Կ߬ ѡ ѡ ſ
߬ӫ ѽ ߫߬ Կ ӿ Կӿ, ӫᡴ
ӫᵿ ߽տ, , ӿ, ԫ ǡ Ӭ ҽ
ӫѽ. ԫ 1929. ԫ һ ٽ
ᡫ ߫ ѡ, ԫӫ ٻ Դ
", Ӵ !". ѽ Ԭ ẽѡ ߬
Ѯ, Դ ԫ ߡӼѮ ᬿ ߫ԡ ".
鿡ټ ӿ
ᬽѡ
, ԫ
1930
ѡ
3
ߴ
2
1930
ߴ
3
諼 ,
1930
1933
ᬽѡ ѽӫ ӿ ӫ Ԭ. , ԫ ٽ Ѽ
ٽ ի , ᬽѡټ,
Ҫѡ
ᡫ߬ ӫѡ ., ӿ-ū߬ ., .ӫ
տӿ
1933
1935
ᡫ߬ ӫѡ ., ӿ-ū߬ . (١ ߬ .), .ӫ
1935
ѡ
11
ߴ
11
ӿ .ѫԿ Ҭ, ᬿҽ Ѽ ѯ ,
ӿ ѽ, ѽ ެ ԫ Ի ᬫ
᮫ٮ ѽ
Ҫѡ
߫ ӿ
15
/02
/1936
ѡ
"ߴ աѽѼ Ӭ-տ߬ һӫ; ѽ Կ߫߬ү Կիү Ѵѽ; Ѭ ѽү Ѵѽ Ѯ... Ѽ ߽ ѽ Ӭ"
.5810,5811
ӿ
3
һ ѽ
"ѽ տӿ ѫԿ () . ᡫ, 1936."
.ѫԿ ӿ߬ ѡ, Ӭ Դ ӿ,
ԫ ӿ Ѭ, ѡ ӿѡ
߬ѽ ѽ Ѯ ҽ߬ Ѯ
ᬽѡ
ᡫ,
1935
ѡ
11
ߴ
11
1936
ӿ ߽ ߫Ӫߴ Ѯ ᡫ߬
, ߬ Ӵ
1936
1938
ӿ Կ ( ᡡټ ѽ).
Ի ᬽѡ ӫ .ᡫ ٽ ߫
ѽٮ ᬽѡ, ԫ ٽ ѡ. ٽ ӿ
ӿѡ, Ӵ ԫ Һ Ӵ ӫ
ѽ "ӯ ߡٮ". ġ ѽ աѡ, ԫ ӫ
. ᬽѡټ ٮ ӫ ٽ
һ ѡ ߬ Ѯ. ٽ Ӻ, ԫ
, իߴ .ѫԿ, : ӿ
ᬽѡ Ѽ ߫ , Կ
߽ Կ.
ū ߬ ӡ ߫Կ,
.ѫԿ, ѡ, ѡٮ, ừ 12-ԡ ӫԬ,
ѽ߬ ߽ Ӵү ߿ , ѽ߬
ԫ. ū ߽ ѡ, "߽ٮ ٽ ѽѬ".
Ӵ ӫ , ߯ , ӿӿ: "!
߽ ӿԫ!". , "",
ү ᡡ , ԫ Ѭߴ .
.ѫԿ Ԭߴ. ƫ ӿ Կ
ӡү. Ѻ Ѭԫӫ Ѽ ӿ: "Ѭߴ?",
: "ӿԫ ߬!". ҡҽ, ڿ, : "ӿԫ
߬, !". , , ߴ
Ҽѽ.
߬ ᬽѡ .ѫԿ ѡ߿ ӻѡѼ ԫ ӿ:
" ٽ, ԯ".
ٽ ѡ 1938.
ӫ
߬ ., .Һ, ҽ.ѡ, 139
1938
1947
ū߽ ѡ Ӵ ӡҽߴ Һ 1938.
߽Ҫ, ԫ ի Һ߬ ӿ-ū߬
᮫, ߫ . ꡫ ߫ ߽Ҫѡ ի
.ӽ Ѯ߬ ᮫
Ҫѡ
ᡫ߬ ., Ѫ߬ ., .ӫ, ӫ Ӭ
տӿ
䫽
ԫѽ, ٮ ӬѮ Ѫ߬ ᮫
1947
ѡ
23
ߴ
6
1950
ѡ
2
ߴ
5
ѡ , ԫ ߽ իټ Դ, ӿ, ,
Ѭԫټ ҽӡ ӿٽ ѡ
ӫ
ᡫ߬ ., Ѫ߬ ., .ӫ
1947
1950
忽 ѡ ѽ ӿ Ӭ
ᡫ߬ ., Ѫ߬ ., .ӫ
1950
ѡ
2
ߴ
5
ѡ ӿ
" ӫѡټ ߫߬ Կ, ߴ ԫӫ աѽѼ Կ߫߬ һ; ӫ Կ߫߬ү ᵿ, Ѫ ѽ ѡ; ѽ. ߽Ҫѡ"
ԫ 11 ߫ , ߽ . ӿ .ѫԿ
Ѻỡ իټ ӿի ,
ѽѮ . ӿԫ Ӵ, ӿի
ٽ ԫ ѽ Ѯ . ԡ .ѫԿ ٽ ԫ
ѽ, ԫ ߫Ὣ ѻ Ѯ
Ҫѡ
߫ ӿ
25
/10
/1950
ѡ
"ӫ ߽Ҫѡ Ӭ ӫᡴ Կ߫߬ ѡ ӿڿߴ "ޡ " "諡 ", ԫ ѽ Կ߫߬ "
.5810,5811
ӿ
10
һ ѽ
"ѽ տӿ ѫԿ () . ᡫ߬ ., 1950."
ѽѻ ѡ, ԫټ .ѫԿ: " ѽ
ޡ , ӻԿҴ ߫߬ Կ ";
" ߫ Ὣ Ӭ "; "ӿ үڿ
߫ Ӭ ү ".
鿡ټ ӿ
ᬽѡ
諼 , ĺӡٮ
1950
1955
ѡ
30
ߴ
4
.ѫԿ ټ ޡټ
ӫ "". ᬫ, Ѻ ߬ Ѯ ԫ ޡٮ ѽѬ
ӫѽ .ѫԿ, , ԫ
ӿӫ, ԫ ߽ ԫ ӵ, ӫ ҡ.
Ӵ Դѽ ѽ , .ѫԿ
Ҽѽ ٽ. ӡ ԫ Ѽ, ѡ ᮡ
ԫѡ ѻ߿ټ Ҫ Ѽ ԫ ԡ,
ٽ ߽ѡ Ѫ ߽Ҫ .
ū ᡫѡ ѡ 諼߿ ѽ , Ҫѡ
һѡ, 28.03.1955 .ѫԿ ٽ ӫ
ѡ ἡԿ
Ҫѡ
ᡫ߬ ., ߬ (Ӽᡫ߬) ., .ᮽ߬, Ӭ ´ ѽ
տӿ
䫽
ԫѽ
1955
ѡ
20
ߴ
7
1962
ԫ 1962. .ѫԿ ٽ ԡ ѽ Ҽ ԡټ
ѡἿ, ԫ Ѫ ԡѡ ١. .ѫԿ
ٽ ߴ ѡ ߽Ҫѡ, Ѽ Իѡ
տ ӿի ѻտ, .ի
ᡫ߬ ., Ѯ߬ ., .ի, ѡ߬ Ӭ
տӿ
1962
1963
ӫ߽Ҫ .ի , .ѫԿ ߽ѡټ ӫ ӿի
ᮽ߬ ٽ ѡ Ѫ ԫ ߽Ҫѡ
ᡫ߬ ., ߬ (Ӽᡫ߬) ., .ᮽ߬, Ӭ ´ ѽ
տӿ
䫽
ԫѽ
1963
1972
ѡ
9
ߴ
2
ū Ժ ӿի, .ѫԿ ٽ ѡ, ӫӽѵ, ,
ѡ, ѵ, ѽѽ, Կ ߽ .
߫ѡ ߿ .ѫԿ ӫӽ ӫӫ߬ . ġ
Ѯ Ӵڿ Ѯ, ߬ ެѡ߬
ѼӴѡ, ѽ Ἣ, ӿ ǽѬ߿ I, ѵ Ѻ
Կ, ѡѡ Ѯ ӫ߬. ߬
ԫӫ ߡٮ Ҭѡ
ѡ
1969
Ѽ ѡ
Ѯ ӿ ǽѬ߿ I
ѡ 1969.
諡
1972
ѡ
9
ߴ
2
ԫ
ᡫ߬ ., .Ӽᡫ
ԫ իӫѡ
ᡫ߬ ., Ӽᡫ߬ ., .ᮽ߬, ѽ߬
ԡ .ѫԿ ߿ ߽, ߽Ҫ Ҭ.
8 ὴ 1972 , Ӭ, ѽ Ҭ
ӫ ԡ Կ: " Ѽ! !"
9 ὴ 1972 ѵ ߬ߴ. Ի ߫ տӿ
Ǽӫ߿ (١ տѻ߬ ᡫ߬ 迡Ѽ߬). ū߽ Կ .ѫԿ
ӫߴ Ѯ ѡ. ӫ ԫ ӿѺ
ߴ ѽ ԫ, ԫٮ
ѻѬ .ѫԿ Ѻ ߬ ߴ ߽ ѡ
. ԬԿ ԫ ԫ ߬ .ѫԿ ԡ ,
߬: " , ѡ "
ᡫᵿ
1
ѻٮ տӿ ѫԿ ()
09/02/1999
Ѽ ᡫӫ
Ѵ տѻ߬ ᡫ߬ 迡Ѽ߬ Ǽӫ߿
ԡԿٮ ԫ ᡫ߬ ѻտ
䡿 ἴԿ
ٮ Կ
27.01
ٮ Կ
09.02
ѡ ѡ (1972.)
2
ѻ տӿ ѫԿ ()
20/08/2000
Ѽ ᡫӫ
տѮ߬ ߬ ߽ Ӭ, 1316 2000.
ԫ
ᡫ߬ ѻտ
䡿 ἴԿ
ѡ ɫ߿߬
߬ѡ, 25.01/07.02
ᵿ
1
20/03/1989
ū ѻ߿
1930
2
18/05/1989
Ѽ Կӫ
ӫ ᡫ߬ .
ū ѻ߿
1936
3
20/11/1989
Ѽ Կӫ
ū ѺҼ 16.01.1989
ū ѻ߿
1950
ᵿ
1.
忺 ӵ տӿ ѫԿ ()/ ӿ ӫ߽ѡ. 1997. 96.
2.
ԫ .. ᡫ߬ ѻտ ߬ ߽ Ӭ 19181998 : ӿӬ ῼԡѡ . (ӿѡ). ᡫ, 1999. .1314.
3.
Ѵ Ѯ ѡ pտpѮ߬ p ߬ p߽ p ߫p p߽ѡ ѡ ɫ߿߬ XX Ѭ. ߬, 1216 2000.
ѽ
1.
-Ѯ ཿ Ἣ (ѽ)
2.
ի ӿ 伿ӿ
3.
Ѽ, ԡ Ŵ ӿ
䫬Ҽѡ
1.
տٮ ߬ ߽ Ӭ. տ-߽ѡ ѽ N 2953.
2.
տ ᡫ߬ . .-8433.
3.
տ ᡫ߬ . .8597-.
4.
տ ߬ . .-8248.
(c) . ҽ