Ἷ ӫѡ
ӫѡ 1870
ѡ ӫѡ 14
ߴ ӫѡ 6
ԫ ӫѡ ӡ߬ ., .ӫ
ӫ
ɫߴ ߬ Ѽ. ū .Ẽ, ӫѽ ٽ
ѽ. ӿ ᮡѮ Ѽ Կ ӿ. ߵѽѡ
Ѯ ӿ ѽ ū߬ ӡ.
ի Ԭ 䫡߬ ӿ Ӽ ѡ
ѡ. 1891. ӿ ߬ү ߽Ҫ ߽ѡ Ѯ-
ᡬ-߬ իԡٮ . Ӽ ѽ Ἣԫ, ߽ ѽѡ
ѽ߬ү ެ, ԫү ի ᬫ 1894. ԫ Դѽ
ѽ իߴ ӿ Կ. ի ӿԿ߬ ߫ԫ, "߽
ӿԡٮ ", ߬ Ѽ, ԫ ٺӫ, ߽ ߽ ߽Ҫ Ӽ
Ү . " իԫ , ԫ ߡ
ޫ ѡ, Ѽ, ѡ Ѯ, ѡ ߬ӫ ߴ".
ի Ӽ, Կߴ Կ ߬ү . Ĭ ߽Ҫ
1896.
[1897-1911.] [1911-1933.] [1945-1951.]
-
Ҫѡ
-
, ԫ-ѡ߬ -߬
䫽 ߽ޡ
1897
ѡ 2
ߴ 5
1898
ߴ 3
2 1897. ӿ ߬ү ᡡӿ , 21 —
߽.
翼 1898. 30 ߴ Ӵ. 1898.
ߡ ߬ ѽ ཿѮ ӫѡ ӿ
߬ү ӫӡ. 10 ѡԴӴ 1898. ߽ѡ ߽ޡ
, ԫ-ѡ߬ -߬
䫽 ߽ޡ, ѽѮ ӵ
1898
1906
ѡ 3
ߴ 8
1898. — 1899. ߴ Ѭ, ߴ
ӵ ѫ߿. ߬ ߴ ߽ ѽѮ տҼѡ ѫ߿,
ԫٮ "ѫ۴ߡ , ѽ ի-ѡ ߫"
ū߽ Կ ӵ, ѡԴӴ 1899. ѡ ѽѮ
ӫտ Ẽ.
11 ѡԴӴ 1902 ӫѡ ӿ. ū߽ Կ ӵ ѽѡ
տӫ ཿѯ. ū Ѯ .Ẽ, .ཿѮ ٽ
ѫ٬ѡٮ ߬. Կ, һ Ѽ ѡ, ӿ, ԫ "
߫ ѽѬ ٻ". .Ẽ ӿ: " ٽ ߽ ӫѼ,
ѽ Ѽ Ѽ ߽ߴ ӵ, ԫ ѵ ѡ ѡ
Ѽ Ӵ".
ѵ ཿѮ Ѽ ѽѮ .Ẽ ѡ, Ҭߴ
ߴ ߽ Կ.
ū ߽ѡ ӫ ӫ߽ Ӵ ߽߬ Ѭ 5 6
߫ ߬ ի Ѽӿ.
3 1906. .Ẽ ӫѡ ѡ ӫ
.ᡡ, Ѽ 25 ѡԴӴ 1906. ٽ ѡ
Ӵ
ᡬ-߬ ., .ӫ
䫽 ߽ޡ
1906
ѡ 25
ߴ 9
1906
ߴ 12
ӿ .ᡡ, "ٽ Կ Ҭ ǡ߬ ߫".
衿 ᡡ ӫ߬ " ӿ" .Ẽ Ҭߴ
Ѯ ի .
髺Կߴ Ѭ 1906.
, ԫ-ѡ߬ -߬
䫽 ߽ޡ
1906
ߴ 12
3 ѡԴӴ 1908. Ѽѡ , 20 ѡԴӴ 1908. ѡ
ѡ "ٻѼ" ӿ ߬ү ١.
14 ὴ 1911. ӫѡ ӿ Ӵ߫.
20 ὴ 1911. ߬ ١ ߴ ᡡӿ
-
Ӵ߫
1911
ѡ 1
ߴ 8
ԫ , ԫ-ѡ߬ -߬ , Ѻٮ
ԫ Ҭ տӿ Ǽӫ߿ (ҽᬫ), ԡ
Դ 1911. ߽ѡ ѡ ߬ ߿߬ ߽߬ ߫
Ẽ
1911
ѡ 3
ߴ 12
ԫ , ԫ-ѡ߬ -߬ , ӡ Ӭ ӻ.ǡԫ
ūӿ ߫ѡ ӡ Ӭ ӻ.ǡԫ
ӫᬫ
1914
ѡ 15
ߴ 9
ԫ , ԫ-ѡ߬ -߬ , ѽ (ѡ߬) Ӭ
ӫ
1914
ѡ 30
ߴ 9
ԫ , ԫ-ѡ߬ -߬
ԫ Ҭ ӫ
28 Ӵ 1914. ߫ ߽Ҫѡ .
.Ẽ ѽ ߬Կ߬ . "߬ ӫ Ẽ ѡ ҽӡٮ
ӿ .Ẽ տѻ߬ ѫԿ ߬ Ѯ "ԫ".
ԡ ߽, .Ẽ ߵѽ Դѽ
-
, ԫ-ѡ߬ -߬
, ӫᬫ, ӫ
1911
ѡ 1
ߴ 8
1915
1915. .Ẽ Դѽ ӫѡ Կ
ѡ ߬ү ١, " ߽ ԫ , ԫ ӫ
Ѯ ߬ Կ ѡ ѽ Ѽ ѡ".
ӫٽ ѽ. ὴ 1918. ѽѡ
߽Ҫѡ ү Ӭ ѽ.
7 ѡԴӴ 1918. ѡ ݬѡ ߬ .
ū ߽ѡ ج Ѵ ῡ ӫ ´ (Ӽᬫ) ѡ
߽Ҫѡ
, ԫ-ѡ߬ -߬
ӫ
1918
1921. ߬ Ѯ ӿ ի
ѡ߬ Ӭ. ԴӴ 1922. .Ẽ ѡ ѡ
"ӫ߬ ѡ , , Կ Ѭ" ߽Ҫ 1 ѽ
ẫ ѡ Ѯ ӿ Ӭ "ԫ "
Ӵ. 1920- .Ẽ ѡ
ԫӻ — ѡ ԫ 쿬 II Ѽ.
, Ѻ Կ. ѡ,
߽ .Ẽ, ế , ԫ ߴ ڿ.
ū߽ Ѭᵿ ӫ ӻѡ. 翼 1927–1928.
ӫ, " ڿ", " ߬ڿ ᡡ".
ū ӫ Կ
߬ ., .ӻѡ
ӫ
1927
1932
1928. ի .Ẽ һ Ӭ ҽ.߫, 10, ѡٮ
ѼԿӫ . .Ẽ һ үڿ ٽ իټ
ҬѽѼ. ڿ ٽ ߬ տ ߽ޡ ӫ߬, 髺ѡ߬,
߬, ūӫ߬ ( ԫ ߽ Ҽѡ), ᡫ߬, ѫѡ߬
Ѯ, -߬ .
Ἷ Ѵѽ ٽ ߵѡѡ "Կ / Ӭ һ
ӫѡ / ᵿ".
.Ẽ ٽ ԫ 23 Ӵ 1923. Ӫߴ .
Ѽѡ .Ẽ , 1933., ٽ ԫ ߴ һ
үڿ, ᬪ ߬ տ Կӿ (潫) ƿѮ (ԯ)
-
߬ ., .ӻѡ
1932
ѡ 23
ߴ 11
25 1933. һѡٮ ᡫ " ӫ Ѯ
߽, ѽ ᡡ ѽ, ᬪ ѽ
Ӽѡ, ի ӫѡ ӫ ߫Ӫ
Ѯ ԫᡡ 23 Ӵ 1932. 1 1933.".
ū ᡡټ ߽ѡ ѽ, ߬ Ὣ һ үڿ "Կ-߽
Ӭ" ٽ ߫ ߬ Ἷ , 竽ԫ, ū .
ᬫ, Ӵ , ߫ ѽ Ὣ, ߡ
ᬽѡ ٽ ѡ ѽ 1933.
ū ӿ ӿ 22 1933. 13 ѽѬ ٽ Ҫѡ
3 ( 6 ѽѬ ߽)
-
ӿ
22/08/1933
ѡ "Կ / Ӭ һ ӫѡ / ᵿ"
.54–10
ӿ 3 ߽
-
,
1932
ѡ 23
ߴ 11
1933
ѡ 22
ߴ 8
-
, ԫ-ѡ߬ -߬
ӫ
1945
1946
ӡҽߴ .Ẽ , ӫԡ, 1945. (߬ ӫ߬
Ӽѡ 22 Ӵ 1946.) ߴ ӿټ Ѽ .
髺ѡѼ .Ẽ ٽ ѡ տӿ 轿ѡ (Կѡ).
ԫ, .Ẽ ỿ . ū߽ ١ҽ Ѭԫ:
, Ӵ , .Ẽ ҮԿ Ӵ. ỿ߬,
ѡ "ѻӫӬ ߽Ѯ ѡ", ٽ ۴ ӿ ߬
-
, ԫ-ѡ߬ -߬
1946
ѡ 2
ߴ 3
ԫ 2 1946. Ѽ ߬ ٽ ۴ Ҭ߿
16 .
-
߬
30/06/1946
ѡ "Ҭѽ / տ߬ ᵿ Ӭ"
.54–10
ӿ 10
ẽ ӫ ᬽѡ ٽ Ҫѡ ᬪ ߬ ѽѬ Ѯ
ڿ .Ẽ.
ӿὫ ѽ:
ӫ ӿ ټ Ҭ "ѽ Ѯ
.ӻѡ Կ߫߬ Ӭ-տ߬ һ Կ-߽
ӿԿ".
ū ᬽѡ ݬԿ 26 1946. 76-ԡ .Ẽ ѽ "߫
ߡ". ؼ . ἴ, ߫ѡ. ѡ ѡ.
ѽѬ ߫ѡ"
-
, ѡ ԯ
1946
ѡ 2
ߴ 3
1946
ѡ 30
ߴ 6
߬ ., .ԫ,
1946
1951
ѡ 5
ߴ 2
սԡ ᬽѡ ԯ ٺὫ Ѻ ѡ ӫ.
4 ѽ 1947. ԯѼٮ Կ .Ẽ ߬
ӴսԿ. ԫ 1949. .Ẽ ٽ ѡ 49 ,
߬ߴ 5 ὴ 1951.
-
1951
ѡ 5
ߴ 2
Ҽ ᬽѡ
ԫ ߬ ., .ԫ,
ԫ իӫѡ ߬ ., .ԫ,
1.߬ ѡ Կ -߬ , Ѯ ߽ү 20 ԫԿ/ .: ..ٽ, : ƿ -߬ ѡ߬ : ѡ, 2008. 291.: . .194–199. |